Perpetual Strangers: animals and the cosmopolitan right
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چکیده
Traditional theories of animal rights are based upon the argument that species membership is a morally arbitrary feature in ethical reasoning. Rather than base moral standing upon common humanity, animal rights theorists have claimed that all sentient creatures, or creatures above a certain level of sentience, belong to the same ethical community, and thus are rights bearers. In this way, animal rights theories appear broadly cosmopolitan in intent. Cosmopolitans meanwhile, hold that all human beings belong to the same ethical community regardless of their other identities or affiliations. At the same time, to be cosmopolitan is also to possess state of mind or to engage with others in a way that is open and accepting of difference. Animal rights theories therefore appear to merely widen the basic cosmopolitan ethical community so that it includes non-human animals, and to be more open in engagement with Others. However, animal rights theories have stopped short of fully embracing cosmopolitanism in two significant ways. First, by focussing on similarities and relationships between humans and other animals as a means of cultivating ethical concern, and second, by demanding that humans and other animals lead rigidly separate lives.
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